How Do Federal Regulations Apply to Truck Accident Cases?

December 4, 2025

How Do Federal Regulations Apply to Truck Accident Cases?

Truck accidents are among the most devastating motor vehicle crashes on America’s roads. Because commercial trucks can weigh up to 80,000 pounds when fully loaded, collisions involving these vehicles often result in catastrophic injuries, fatalities, and significant property damage. What many people do not realize is that truck accident cases are governed not only by state traffic laws but also by federal regulations designed to promote safety in the trucking industry. These federal rules often play a significant role in determining liability and compensation in a truck accident claim.

At Sarkisian Law, we understand how federal trucking regulations impact accident cases. Our attorneys have extensive experience investigating violations of these laws and holding trucking companies accountable when they fail to follow the rules meant to keep everyone on the road safe.

Understanding Federal Oversight of the Trucking Industry

Federal agencies heavily regulate the trucking industry to ensure that drivers, vehicles, and carriers maintain safe operating standards. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), a division of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), is primarily responsible for creating and enforcing these safety regulations.

When a truck accident occurs, investigators often review whether any of these federal regulations were violated. Even a single infraction can dramatically affect liability and the outcome of a personal injury lawsuit.

Key Federal Trucking Regulations That Affect Accident Cases

Hours of Service (HOS) Rules

One of the most well-known federal trucking regulations involves Hours of Service (HOS), which limit how long a commercial truck driver can operate their vehicle before resting. The purpose is to prevent driver fatigue, a leading cause of truck crashes.

According to the FMCSA, property-carrying truck drivers may not:

Drive more than 11 hours after 10 consecutive hours off duty;
Drive beyond the 14th consecutive hour after coming on duty; and
Drive after 60/70 hours on duty in 7/8 consecutive days, unless they take a required 34-hour restart.

If a trucker violates these limits and an accident occurs, that violation can be used as robust evidence of negligence. Attorneys often examine electronic logging device (ELD) records and dispatch logs to identify potential HOS violations.

Drug and Alcohol Testing

FMCSA regulations require all commercial drivers with a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) to undergo drug and alcohol testing under specific circumstances, including:

Pre-employment screening;
Random testing throughout employment;
Post-accident testing following certain types of crashes; and
Reasonable suspicion testing when supervisors observe concerning behavior.

If a trucking company fails to properly conduct required tests or knowingly allows a driver with a substance abuse problem to stay on the road, it can face severe penalties. More importantly, that negligence can expose the company to liability in a personal injury or wrongful death claim.

Truck Maintenance and Inspection Requirements

Federal law also requires motor carriers to perform regular inspections and maintenance on their vehicles. Trucks must meet all FMCSA safety standards, including properly functioning brakes, tires, lighting systems, and steering mechanisms.

Companies are required to maintain detailed maintenance logs and ensure that any defects are repaired before the vehicle is put back into service. When mechanical failure causes a crash, such as brake failure or a tire blowout, attorneys often investigate whether the trucking company ignored maintenance obligations or falsified inspection reports.

Cargo Loading and Securement

Improperly loaded or unsecured cargo can lead to serious accidents. FMCSA’s Part 393 regulations specify how loads must be secured based on weight, type, and configuration. For instance, flatbed trucks must use specific tie-downs, chains, or straps to prevent cargo from shifting during transit.

If a truck’s load shifts or spills, causing a crash, liability may extend beyond the driver and carrier. Cargo loaders, warehouse operators, or third-party logistics companies may also share responsibility. Attorneys rely on these federal rules to prove that improper loading practices contributed to the accident.

Driver Qualification Standards

FMCSA regulations set strict qualification requirements for truck drivers, including:
Holding a valid CDL for the vehicle’s class;
Passing medical fitness examinations;
Undergoing background checks and driving history reviews; and
Completing required training for specialized vehicles or hazardous materials (HAZMAT).

If a carrier hires or keeps a driver who does not meet these qualifications, it may be liable for negligent hiring or retention. In many cases, a review of driver qualification files can reveal red flags, such as prior DUIs, reckless driving citations, or failed drug tests, that the company ignored.

How Federal Violations Strengthen a Truck Accident Case

When a truck driver or carrier violates federal regulations, that breach of duty can be powerful evidence of negligence. In legal terms, this is sometimes referred to as “negligence per se”, meaning the violation itself establishes a failure to exercise reasonable care under the law.

For example, if a driver’s logbooks show they exceeded HOS limits, and fatigue contributed to the crash, the violation may serve as clear evidence of fault. Similarly, if maintenance records reveal skipped inspections or falsified reports, that documentation can establish liability against the carrier.

Truck accident attorneys often collaborate with accident reconstruction experts, industry safety consultants, and former FMCSA inspectors to interpret these records and uncover violations that may not be obvious to the untrained eye.

Why Federal Regulations Matter for Victims

For truck accident victims, the interplay between state negligence laws and federal trucking regulations can make a major difference in the outcome of their claim. Violations of FMCSA rules not only help establish liability but also support demands for higher compensation when the violation shows recklessness or disregard for public safety.

Compensation in a truck accident case may include medical expenses, lost income, pain and suffering, and other damages. When a trucking company systematically ignores federal safety rules, punitive damages may also be available to punish the company and deter similar behavior.

Work with an Experienced Truck Accident Attorney from Sarkisian Law

Truck accident claims are rarely straightforward. Understanding how to apply federal regulations, interpret ELD data, and hold large trucking companies accountable requires skill, experience, and a deep knowledge of the law.

At Sarkisian Law, our attorneys know how to uncover the truth behind devastating truck crashes. We investigate FMCSA compliance, preserve key evidence, and pursue full compensation for injured clients and their families.

If you or someone you love has been hurt in a truck accident, do not face the trucking company or its insurer alone. To learn how federal safety violations may affect your claim, contact us online today for a free consultation.

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How Do Federal Regulations Apply to Truck Accident Cases?